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QUEST Science Blog

• Wire Snares in Africa

  Posted by Amy Gotliffe

  on Jul 03, 2008

  Photo by: Melissa Batson

  And how they put a snare in the plan for chimps and humans to live together.

  In the Budongo Forests of Uganda, a large group of Chimpanzees, named by researchers The Sonso Group, attempt to thrive in their natural habitat, eating plants and small prey. At the same time, humans who live around the forest are also trying to survive, working at places like the local sugarcane plantation and living in straw and mud houses. For food, they set out into the forest with small snares and aim for duiker and or pig.

  Most of these snares are made from wire. As chimpanzees walk through the forest, their hands or feet may become trapped in the snare. In two of the forests where chimpanzees are studied, researchers have observed up to 25 percent of chimpanzees are maimed due to snare injuries. More die.

  This problem is typical all over the world. How do the chimps and people live together? How do elephants and people live together? Wolves and people? Mountain Lions and Bay Area people? Though solutions seem impossible at times, I am impressed by many of the solutions, one being that of the Budongo Snare Removal Project.

  In January 2000, the Jane Goodall Institute in collaboration with the Budongo Forest Project initiated a snare removal program in the Budongo Forest Reserve. The objective is to reduce the number of snares set, reduce the number of animals caught in snares and traps, and increase the number of local people who obey wildlife laws and understand the need for protecting wildlife.

  Teams of two men locate and remove snares. After the first year of operation, they found that the number of snares being set within the grid system of the research area dropped. The census teams found heavy poaching and illegal activities were being carried out in the southern end of the forest reserve, so the team near the research site extended their range.

  A new education center reaches out to the local community and provides education around ecology, wildlife and the treasure that is the chimpanzees.

  The Oakland Zoo adopted this project in 2001 and the support covers the salaries for four field assistants, two educators, two eco-guards, and allowances for transportation and bike repair, gum boots, rain gear, backpacks, and compasses.

  Funds raised at an annual fall lecture and silent auction and on Primate Discovery Day go toward this project.This year?s Primate Day is September 27^th and the lecture, featuring Shirley McGreal, is on October 2^nd.

  The Oakland Zoo also supports connection and awareness of this project by visiting the site in Uganda. Teens will be traveling there in July and adults will embark on the journey (including gorilla trecking) in October.

  More spots are available on this once in a lifetime adventure. For details, email: amy@oaklandzoo.org.

  
  Tags: africa, animal, Bay Area, bugando forest, bugando forest project, bugando forest reserve, bugondo snare removal project, chimp, chimpanzee, duiker, eco-guards, endangered, enivironment, gorilla, hunting, jane goodal institute, KQED, mammal, natural habitat, oakland zoo, pbs, pig, poaching, prey, primate discovery dy, QUEST, shirley mcgreal, snare, sonso group, trap, trecking, Uganda, wildlife, wire
  

  
  

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• Reporter?s Notes: Wildlife CSI

  Posted by David Gorn

  on Jun 28, 2008

  I knew I was in trouble when I saw the jars. Big jars, filled with tinted liquid, with weird things suspended in them. Things that definitely used to be alive, and that I would not have wanted to see when they WERE alive.

  “One of my favorites is this one here,” says my host, Senior Wildlife Forensic Specialist Jeff Rodzen, “we have a bird who choked to death on the head of a lizard.” Hmm. A favorite? Maybe compared to the others lining the wall: jars filled with parasitic worms, a tule elk fetus, a see-through rabbit where you can see every bone.

  Add in the bighorn sheep skull among the modern equipment, and the paws sticking up in the back of the evidence and it made for a surreal day of reporting.

  Welcome to the autopsy and necropsy room at the California Fish and Game office in Rancho Cordova, about 12 miles east of Sacramento. This is the place where blood and hair and small fibers from wildlife crime scenes are DNA-matched for all the poaching cases in California.

  This is a fascinating place, if a little macabre. And it was the starting point for a QUEST radio story that had many more story lines than I could possibly pursue in one feature.

  • I learned about a canine program designed to track down poachers, and an offshoot of that program that actually sniffs out invasive species like Quagga mussels.
  • I found out how dangerous the job of Game Warden actually is, and the reasons it?s so hard to recruit new officers.
  • And I found out how complicated poaching can become, and how endemic it is in California.
  • I discovered there?s a subculture of poaching.

  Some poachers hit the country backroads late at night, right after the bars close, and Game Warden Todd Tognazzini said those are the easier ones to catch. But the ones who are good at it use sophisticated communications equipment, night-vision sights on their guns, and small, strong flashlights to stun wild pigs or deer into standing still. This is called “spotlighting.” Some poachers will black out their brake lights, run on roads without headlights, and use other ingenious ways to keep a low profile while they illegally hunt wild animals.

  Game warden is one of the most dangerous law enforcement jobs around– after all, you’re going into a remote area, with no backup, to confront people who are carrying guns and knives. Would any urban police officer do that? There is a dearth of game wardens in California, partly due to decades of budget cuts. Last thing I found: The newest high-tech method of tracking down poachers is actually pretty low-tech. Dogs. A new canine program helps game wardens find illegal animal kills. Not surprisingly, poachers hide their contraband, and it’s not easy for game wardens to find it. Lieutenant Kristie Wurster is stationed in Alpine County, near Placerville. She?s one of 18 wardens in the canine-training program, and she uses her dog Wrigley to sniff out illegal fishing and hunting. .

  Wurster estimates the dog saves about 800 man-hours of work a year. “We are so small in numbers and we just tip the iceberg of how much poaching is going on,” she says. “That?s why I?m so excited about the program, to have another set of eyes and ears ? and nose ? to be able to detect the issues.”

  Listen to the “Wildlife CSI” Radio report online, and check out our photo set on Flickr which includes: photos of a game warden at work tracking poachers in the foothills of southern Monterey County, as well as deer, boar, abalone and other illegally killed animals.

  
  Tags: california, canine program, caviar, dfg, dna, dogs, fishing, forensics, game, game warden, hunting, KQED, necropsy, pbs, poaching, quagga mussel, QUEST, Radio, sturgeon
  
  
  

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• HERS It Is

  Posted by Jim Gunshinan

  on Jun 27, 2008

  Blower door equipment is used to measure a home’s
  air leaks. A blower door test is part of the evaluation for
  determining a home’s HERS Index.
  Photo by: D&R International

  Remember the day when most men knew the horsepower of their muscle cars? Now most of us are concerned about miles per gallon. But what can we use to bring prestige to our houses? It used to be that a large square footage gave us bragging rights. But if all goes according to the plan of the Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET), the talk around the water cooler will be “What’s your house’s HERS score?”

  Home energy ratings have been around since 1981. The idea began in the mortgage industry to credit the energy efficiency of homes towards the home mortgage. An energy efficient home means that the homeowner is spending less each month on electricity and natural gas and therefore has more to spend on the mortgage. RESNET has been developing the Home Energy Rating System (HERS) since 1981. In the beginning, it was the higher the HERS score the better. But because of the more widespread introduction of renewable energy systems, such as photovoltaics (PV) and solar hot water systems, into homes, and the ability of many houses today to produce as much electricity and/or hot water as they need over the course of a year-these are called net zero-energy houses-a HERS Index of “0″ is the goal. A HERS score of 85 means that a new home meets Energy Star standards. A HERS score of 150 means you’re living with an Energy Hog. The typical existing home in the United States has a HERS Index of 130.

  HERS raters look at a home’s heating and cooling efficiency, insulation levels, appliance and lighting energy use, window efficiency, a home’s solar orientation, and other factors that are tailored to the home’s climate region, and use computer software to calculate a HERS index.

  Some readers my be asking, “Why should I care?” You should care because the HERS score is becoming the standard du jour for homebuilders. If you want a bigger, energy efficiency mortgage, you’ll need a HERS rater to measure the efficiency of the home you want to buy and to tell you what retrofits you need to do to qualify. If you are a builder and want to catch the “green wave” by earning an Energy Star rating for the new homes you are selling, you’ve got to get those homes rated by a certified HERS rater.

  Many states have Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standards and Energy Efficiency Credit trading, and many more will in the future as we move towards national standards for meeting greenhouse gas emissions goals. The HERS Index is in place to serve the need for a third-party verifier of energy efficiency improvements.

  Want energy efficiency tax credits for your new home? Better find a RESNET-certified rater. Moving to Canada? The Canadian RESNET, or CRESNET, is in the process of accepting the U.S. standards. I don’t know the HERS Index of my home, but we did recently have some air sealing and insulation work done-but not quite to Energy Star standards. My guess is we’d score about 100. What’s your HERS score?

  
  Tags: canadian resnet, cresnet, Energy Efficiency Credit trading, Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standards, energy hog, energy star, greenhouse gas, greenhouse gas emissions, HERS, HERS index, Home Energy Rating System, KQED, pbs, photovoltaics, PV, QUEST, Residential Energy Services Network, RESNET, solar energy, zero energy houses
  
  
  

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